Marine Trophic Index in LME: South China Sea

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Year	Mean trophic level	Mean max. length (cm)	FiB Index	Expansion factor
1950	3.58	78.3	0	1
1951	3.54	77.3	0.25	1.28
1952	3.52	75.3	0.37	1.45
1953	3.5	75.7	0.41	1.51
1954	3.47	73.4	0.56	1.75
1955	3.51	78.3	0.84	2.32
1956	3.53	79.9	0.94	2.56
1957	3.51	79.1	0.93	2.53
1958	3.52	78.9	0.99	2.69
1959	3.49	75.1	0.86	2.36
1960	3.48	74	0.86	2.36
1961	3.49	74.7	0.94	2.56
1962	3.5	75.4	0.99	2.69
1963	3.54	78.7	1.14	3.13
1964	3.51	74.2	1.09	2.97
1965	3.48	71	1.1	3
1966	3.49	72.1	1.19	3.29
1967	3.46	70	1.17	3.22
1968	3.44	69.1	1.23	3.42
1969	3.4	67.4	1.19	3.29
1970	3.4	64.5	1.3	3.67
1971	3.42	66	1.29	3.63
1972	3.49	70.1	1.49	4.44
1973	3.52	73	1.62	5.05
1974	3.53	73.9	1.69	5.42
1975	3.49	71.9	1.58	4.85
1976	3.44	66.4	1.52	4.57
1977	3.43	61.8	1.63	5.1
1978	3.4	59.9	1.67	5.31
1979	3.47	65.3	1.57	4.81
1980	3.47	64.5	1.62	5.05
1981	3.46	64.7	1.65	5.21
1982	3.45	63.2	1.68	5.37
1983	3.46	63.6	1.67	5.31
1984	3.44	61.4	1.77	5.87
1985	3.43	60.5	1.73	5.64
1986	3.43	58.3	1.83	6.23
1987	3.42	57.6	1.84	6.3
1988	3.42	59.3	1.82	6.17
1989	3.45	60.3	1.93	6.89
1990	3.47	64.2	2.03	7.61
1991	3.47	63.9	2.06	7.85
1992	3.46	63.1	2.03	7.61
1993	3.42	62.4	1.97	7.17
1994	3.45	65.7	2.22	9.21
1995	3.45	64.9	2.21	9.12
1996	3.44	62.9	2.15	8.58
1997	3.36	58.7	2.13	8.41
1998	3.37	60.6	2.18	8.85
1999	3.39	61.5	2.28	9.78
2000	3.4	62.3	2.4	11.02
2001	3.4	63.3	2.41	11.13
2002	3.45	64.6	2.41	11.13
2003	3.43	60.9	2.51	12.3
2004	3.43	62.3	2.5	12.18
2005	3.43	61.6	2.5	12.18
2006	3.45	63.6	2.51	12.3

TL	SLMax(cm)	Common Name	Scientific Name
4.57999992370605	287	Striped marlin	Tetrapturus audax
4.5	400	Thresher sharks	Alopias
4.5	279	Indo-Pacific sailfish	Istiophorus platypterus
4.5	205	Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus commerson
4.5	93	Japanese Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus niphonius
4.5	219	Bigeye tuna	Thunnus obesus
4.5	98	Bluefish	Pomatomus saltatrix
4.5	179	Great barracuda	Sphyraena barracuda
4.5	189	Shortbill spearfish	Tetrapturus angustirostris
4.5	138	Pickhandle barracuda	Sphyraena jello
4.5	100	Dorab wolf-herring	Chirocentrus dorab
4.5	52	Humpback grouper	Cromileptes altivelis
4.48999977111816	449	Swordfish	Xiphias gladius
4.48999977111816	120	Leopard coralgrouper	Plectropomus leopardus
4.48000001907349	50	Brushtooth lizardfish	Saurida undosquamis
4.47714281082153	367	Billfishes	Istiophoridae
4.46999979019165	100	Queenfishes	Scomberoides
4.46999979019165	93	Kawakawa	Euthynnus affinis
4.46500015258789	122	Needlefishes	Tylosurus
4.46000003814697	150	Goosefishes	Lophiidae
4.46000003814697	367	Black marlin	Makaira indica
4.46000003814697	410	Indo-Pacific blue marlin	Makaira mazara
4.44999980926514	192	Largehead hairtail	Trichiurus lepturus
4.40333318710327	179	Barracudas	Sphyraena
4.40000009536743	227	Wahoo	Acanthocybium solandri
4.40000009536743	56	Greater lizardfish	Saurida tumbil
4.3899998664856	69	Torpedo scad	Megalaspis cordyla
4.3899998664856	52	Indian spiny turbot	Psettodes erumei
4.38500022888184	164	Amberjacks	Seriola
4.36999988555908	172	Common dolphinfish	Coryphaena hippurus
4.34999990463257	108	Skipjack tuna	Katsuwonus pelamis
4.34999990463257	164	Fourfinger threadfin	Eleutheronema tetradactylum
4.34999990463257	162	Barramundi	Lates calcarifer
4.34999990463257	80	Bastard halibut	Paralichthys olivaceus
4.34749984741211	205	Seerfishes	Scomberomorus
4.34000015258789	54	Frigate tuna	Auxis thazard thazard
4.34000015258789	231	Yellowfin tuna	Thunnus albacares
4.30999994277954	136	Albacore	Thunnus alalunga
4.30999994277954	164	Cobia	Rachycentron canadum
4.29699993133545	56	Lizardfishes	Synodontidae
4.29500007629395	100	Wolf herring	Chirocentrus
4.28000020980835	71	Indo-Pacific king mackerel	Scomberomorus guttatus
4.28000020980835	27	Japanese flying squid	Todarodes pacificus
4.2622218132019	150	Mackerels tunas and bonitos	Scombridae
4.24176502227783	207	Requiem sharks	Carcharhinidae
4.2350001335144	60	Frigate tuna	Auxis
4.23199987411499	90	Dogfish sharks	Squalidae
4.21000003814697	300	Pacific bluefin tuna	Thunnus orientalis
4.19999980926514	18	Mantis shrimps	Stomatopoda
4.19999980926514	32	Bombay duck	Harpadon nehereus
4.19999980926514	21	Chocolate hind	Cephalopholis boenak
4.19999980926514	50	Neon flying squid	Ommastrephes bartramii
4.18599987030029	421	Hammerhead and bonnethead and scoophead shark	Sphyrnidae
4.17999982833862	95	Striped bonito	Sarda orientalis
4.17000007629395	156	Blackbanded trevally	Seriolina nigrofasciata
4.15000009536743	150	Cutlassfishes	Trichiuridae
4.1399998664856	80	American flounders	Paralichthys
4.13424253463745	32	Squids	Teuthida
4.13000011444092	164	Bullet tuna	Auxis rochei rochei
4.07999992370605	246	Oilfish	Ruvettus pretiosus
4.07000017166138	180	Daggertooth pike conger	Muraenesox cinereus
4.05999994277954	126	Longtail tuna	Thunnus tonggol
4.05230808258057	164	Jacks and pompanos	Carangidae
4.02400016784668	98	Snappers	Lutjanus
4.01749992370605	98	Snappers	Lutjanidae
4	300	Sharks rays and skates etc	Sharks or rays and chimaeras
3.99000000953674	180	Conger eels	Muraenesox
3.99000000953674	25	Common squids	Loligo
3.99000000953674	35	Golden threadfin bream	Nemipterus virgatus
3.99000000953674	279	Humphead wrasse	Cheilinus undulatus
3.98279094696045	190	Sea basses or groupers and fairy basslets	Serranidae
3.97000002861023	60	Alfonsinos	Beryx
3.97000002861023	33	False trevally	Lactarius lactarius
3.91666698455811	43	Scorpionfishes or rockfishes	Scorpaenidae
3.91417288780212	80	Cods	Gadiformes
3.90000009536743	87	Flatheads	Platycephalidae
3.89000010490417	60	Bigeye scad	Selar crumenophthalmus
3.87538504600525	82	Grenadiers or rattails	Macrouridae
3.86666703224182	72	Codlings	Moridae
3.84349989891052	190	Groupers	Epinephelus
3.83999991416931	40	Red stingray	Dasyatis akajei
3.80988097190857	27	Cephalopods	Cephalopoda
3.80666708946228	33	Bigeyes	Priacanthus
3.79999995231628	29	Red bigeye	Priacanthus macracanthus
3.78999996185303	40	Elongate ilisha	Ilisha elongata
3.78999996185303	26	Honeycomb grouper	Epinephelus merra
3.77999997138977	90	Japanese seaperch	Lateolabrax japonicus
3.77125000953674	20	Lefteye flounders	Bothidae
3.76205897331238	200	Drums or croakers	Sciaenidae
3.72000002861023	29	Threadfin breams	Nemipterus
3.72000002861023	66	Large yellow croaker	Larimichthys crocea
3.69749999046326	163	Guitarfishes	Rhinobatidae
3.69000005722046	37	Indian scad	Decapterus russelli
3.64000010490417	62	Black pomfret	Parastromateus niger
3.6324999332428	37	Scads	Decapterus
3.61999988555908	102	Tilefishes	Malacanthidae
3.6175000667572	50	Butterfishes	Stromateidae
3.61374998092651	205	Skates and rays	Rajiformes
3.59999990463257	28	Cuttlefishes	Sepiidae
3.59999990463257	87	Bartail flathead	Platycephalus indicus
3.58999991416931	148	Rainbow runner	Elagatis bipinnulata
3.58588194847107	70	Emperors or scavengers	Lethrinidae
3.57999992370605	68	Octopuses	Octopoda
3.57999992370605	60	Okhostk atka mackerel	Pleurogrammus azonus
3.57999992370605	98	Mangrove red snapper	Lutjanus argentimaculatus
3.57450008392334	25	Flyingfishes	Exocoetidae
3.57180309295654	50	Flatfishes	Pleuronectiformes
3.5699999332428	40	Yellow croaker	Larimichthys polyactis
3.53999996185303	246	White-spotted shovelnose ray	Rhynchobatus australiae
3.53600001335144	29	Tropical goatfishes	Upeneus
3.53143930435181	56	Perch-likes	Perciformes
3.52999997138977	16	Yellowstripe scad	Selaroides leptolepis
3.52666664123535	40	Batfishes	Platax
3.51166701316834	35	Threadfin breams and Whiptail breams	Nemipteridae
3.5	19	Mantis shrimps	Squillidae
3.5	25	Trumpeters	Terapon
3.5	50	Filefishes	Cantherhines
3.5	75	Nibe croaker	Nibea mitsukurii
3.5	85	Mi-iuy croaker	Miichthys miiuy
3.49874997138977	43	Puffers	Tetraodontidae
3.49000000953674	25	Round herring	Etrumeus teres
3.47857093811035	62	Sea catfishes	Ariidae
3.47000002861023	91	Chum salmon	Oncorhynchus keta
3.47000002861023	23	White croaker	Pennahia argentata
3.46000003814697	43	Longfin armorhead	Pseudopentaceros wheeleri
3.45967698097229	75	Wrasses	Labridae
3.45749998092651	55	Goatfishes	Mullidae
3.45000004768372	24	Moonfish	Mene maculata
3.45000004768372	25	Melon seed	Psenopsis anomala
3.4449999332428	10	Indo-Pacific anchovies	Stolephorus
3.44000005722046	49	Bluefin gurnard	Chelidonichthys kumu
3.42000007629395	61	Silver grunt	Pomadasys argenteus
3.41499996185303	55	Silver pomfrets	Pampus
3.40000009536743	50	Large-eye breams	Gymnocranius
3.40000009536743	697	Japanese halfbeak	Hyporhamphus sajori
3.40000009536743	30	Japanese jack mackerel	Trachurus japonicus
3.40000009536743	25	Indian driftfish	Ariomma indicum
3.40000009536743	20	Rainbow sardine	Dussumieria acuta
3.40000009536743	20	Slender rainbow sardine	Dussumieria elopsoides
3.40000009536743	26	Konoshiro gizzard shad	Konosirus punctatus
3.40000009536743	23	Japanese scad	Decapterus maruadsi
3.39466667175293	26	Fusiliers	Caesionidae
3.38166689872742	40	Stingrays	Dasyatidae
3.36999988555908	16	Indian pellona	Pellona ditchela
3.36999988555908	31	Silver sillago	Sillago sihama
3.35863590240479	80	Grunts	Haemulidae
3.35500001907349	200	Eagle and manta rays	Myliobatidae
3.3199999332428	107	Squirefish	Pagrus auratus
3.30864906311035	164	Porgies	Sparidae
3.30333304405212	25	Monocle breams	Scolopsis
3.29999995231628	15	Asiatic glassfishes	Ambassidae
3.29999995231628	25	Eelpouts	Lycodes
3.29999995231628	123	Indo-Pacific tarpon	Megalops cyprinoides
3.28999996185303	30	Tonguefishes	Cynoglossidae
3.26999998092651	25	Silver biddies	Gerres
3.25250005722046	53	Triggerfishes	Balistidae
3.25142908096313	21	Anchovies	Engraulidae
3.24714279174805	41	Smelt-whitings	Sillaginidae
3.24000000953674	25	Herrings	Clupeiformes
3.24000000953674	50	Black porgy	Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii
3.2366669178009	12	Slimys slipmouths or ponyfishes	Leiognathidae
3.22285723686218	12	Slipmouths	Leiognathus
3.20250010490417	12	Silversides	Atherinidae
3.19000005722046	32	Indian mackerel	Rastrelliger kanagurta
3.1800000667572	60	Silver pomfret	Pampus argenteus
3.17000007629395	28	Indo-Pacific swamp crab	Scylla serrata
3.10500001907349	15	Gobies	Gobiidae
3.10333323478699	33	Indo-Pacific mackerels	Rastrelliger
3.09999990463257	16	Deep-sea smelts	Bathylagidae
3.08999991416931	100	Eel catfishes	Plotosus
3.08999991416931	52	Chub mackerel	Scomber japonicus
3.06162858009338	11	Gastropods	Gastropoda
3.04500007629395	45	Halfbeaks	Hemiramphus
3.03999996185303	10	Silverstriped round herring	Spratelloides gracilis
3.02999997138977	45	Longfin kob	Atrobucca nibe
3.00999999046326	26	Chinese gizzard shad	Clupanodon thrissa
3	4	Sea squirts	Ascidiacea
3	25	Crustaceans	Crustacea
3	18	Chacunda gizzard shad	Anodontostoma chacunda
3	5	Banana prawn	Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
3	14	Blue swimming crab	Portunus pelagicus
2.9300000667572	2	Sergestid shrimp	Sergestidae
2.8733332157135	20	Slipper lobsters	Scyllaridae
2.84999990463257	17	Goldstripe sardinella	Sardinella gibbosa
2.83999991416931	24	Thread-sail filefish	Stephanolepis cirrhifer
2.76699995994568	21	Sardinella	Sardinella
2.75	30	Scats	Scatophagus
2.72000002861023	32	Short mackerel	Rastrelliger brachysoma
2.70000004768372	17	Metapenaeus shrimps	Metapenaeus
2.70000004768372	34	Penaeus shrimps	Penaeus
2.70000004768372	30	Indo-Pacific swimming crabs	Charybdis
2.70000004768372	3	Akiami paste shrimp	Acetes japonicus
2.70000004768372	14	Fleshy prawn	Fenneropenaeus chinensis
2.70000004768372	6	Green tiger prawn	Penaeus semisulcatus
2.70000004768372	163	Kuruma prawn	Marsupenaeus japonicus
2.70000004768372	19	Redtail prawn	Penaeus penicillatus
2.70000004768372	3	Shiba shrimp	Metapenaeus joyneri
2.70000004768372	2	Southern rough shrimp	Trachysalambria curvirostris
2.70000004768372	6	Western king prawn	Melicertus latisulcatus
2.65000009536743	13	Natantian decapods	Shrimps and prawns
2.65000009536743	13	Japanese sardinella	Sardinella zunasi
2.59999990463257	44	Lobsters and spiny-rock lobsters	Homaridae and Palinuridae
2.59999990463257	30	Marine crabs	Brachyura
2.59999990463257	40	Tropical spiny lobsters	Panulirus
2.59999990463257	19	Gazami crab	Portunus trituberculatus
2.59999990463257	31	Giant tiger prawn	Penaeus monodon
2.59999990463257	11	Longlegged spiny lobster	Panulirus longipes
2.59999990463257	23	Sand Crayfish	Ibacus ciliatus
2.52500009536743	120	Mullets	Mugilidae
2.50999999046326	16	Japanese anchovy	Engraulis japonicus
2.5	53	So-iny mullet	Liza haematocheilus
2.5	26	Flathead lobster	Thenus orientalis
2.48000001907349	23	Bali sardinella	Sardinella lemuru
2.48000001907349	50	Toli shad	Tenualosa toli
2.4300000667572	30	South American pilchard	Sardinops sagax
2.38000011444092	15	Starfishes	Starfish and other echinoderms
2.29999995231628	15	Japanese sea cucumber	Apostichopus japonicus
2.27900004386902	45	Surgeonfishes and tangs and unicornfishes	Acanthuridae
2.26999998092651	15	Clams cockles and arkshells	Clams or cockles and arkshells
2.20000004768372	9	Sculptured shrimps	Sclerocrangon
2.13000011444092	120	Flathead mullet	Mugil cephalus
2.11142897605896	34	Rabbitfishes	Siganus
2.09999990463257	8	Sea urchins	Strongylocentrotus
2.09999990463257	5	Hen clam	Mactra sachalinensis
2.09999990463257	9	Yesso scallop	Pecten yessoensis
2.04999995231628	7	Turbo snails	Turbo
2.00368404388428	41	Parrotfishes	Scaridae
2	46	Sea cucumbers	Holothuroidea
2	10	Sea mussels	Mytilidae
2	10	Scallops	Pectinidae
2	10	Cockles	Cardiidae
2	25	Cupped oysters	Crassostrea
2	30	Abalones	Haliotis
2	13	Horse mussels	Modiolus
2	6	Anadara clams	Anadara
2	6	Ark clams	Arca
2	5	Hard clams	Meretrix
2	5	Short neck clams	Paphia
2	4	Granular ark	Tegillarca granosa
2	11	Brown mussel	Perna viridis
2	8	Half-crenated ark	Scapharca cornea
2	5	Japanese carpet shell	Ruditapes philippinarum
2	5	Japanese hard clam	Meretrix lusoria
2	12	Pacific cupped oyster	Crassostrea gigas
2	9	Slipper cupped oyster	Crassostrea iredalei

FiB index inputs
Reference year: Transfer efficiency:

Method