Marine Trophic Index in LME: Benguela Current

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Year	Mean trophic level	Mean max. length (cm)	FiB Index	Expansion factor
1950	3.06	56.8	0	1
1951	3.05	52.9	0.37	1.45
1952	2.89	47.9	0.19	1.21
1953	2.9	48.8	0.24	1.27
1954	2.95	49.5	0.37	1.45
1955	2.98	50.3	0.53	1.7
1956	2.95	43.9	0.74	2.1
1957	2.88	41.9	0.63	1.88
1958	2.9	46	0.57	1.77
1959	2.86	44.3	0.54	1.72
1960	2.83	44.3	0.57	1.77
1961	2.8	42.8	0.64	1.9
1962	2.8	42.3	0.72	2.05
1963	2.75	40.6	0.7	2.01
1964	2.8	44	1.2	3.32
1965	2.92	50.6	1.57	4.81
1966	3.02	57.1	1.87	6.49
1967	2.99	53	1.87	6.49
1968	2.95	52.7	2.04	7.69
1969	2.96	50.2	1.95	7.03
1970	3.25	62.2	2.36	10.59
1971	3.37	66	2.57	13.07
1972	3.39	67.1	2.87	17.64
1973	3.36	62.6	2.81	16.61
1974	3.23	57.7	2.37	10.7
1975	3.26	60.8	2.76	15.8
1976	3.38	67.4	3.14	23.1
1977	3.42	64.5	3.18	24.05
1978	3.41	59.2	3.35	28.5
1979	3.39	55.7	3.04	20.91
1980	3.37	54.9	2.84	17.12
1981	3.37	55.3	2.91	18.36
1982	3.45	61	3.11	22.42
1983	3.46	61.8	3.13	22.87
1984	3.49	65.2	3.11	22.42
1985	3.48	64.7	3.07	21.54
1986	3.5	65.6	3.14	23.1
1987	3.34	52.2	3.04	20.91
1988	3.37	55.7	2.94	18.92
1989	3.44	63.5	2.86	17.46
1990	3.33	58.4	2.1	8.17
1991	3.29	54	1.88	6.55
1992	3.34	53.3	2.51	12.3
1993	3.37	56	2.63	13.87
1994	3.36	58	2.48	11.94
1995	3.39	59.1	2.5	12.18
1996	3.52	67.1	2.52	12.43
1997	3.45	63.7	2.38	10.8
1998	3.41	62.2	2.46	11.7
1999	3.39	60.9	2.44	11.47
2000	3.37	58.3	2.48	11.94
2001	3.37	60.6	2.47	11.82
2002	3.35	60.4	2.43	11.36
2003	3.36	62.2	2.49	12.06
2004	3.3	60.8	2.3	9.97
2005	3.42	63.3	2.45	11.59
2006	3.48	67.4	2.38	10.8

TL	SLMax(cm)	Common Name	Scientific Name
4.5	219	Bigeye tuna	Thunnus obesus
4.5	66	Benguela hake	Merluccius polli
4.5	98	Bluefish	Pomatomus saltatrix
4.5	164	Red steenbras	Petrus rupestris
4.5	164	Leerfish	Lichia amia
4.5	284	Smooth hammerhead	Sphyrna zygaena
4.5	79	John dory	Zeus faber
4.48999977111816	449	Swordfish	Xiphias gladius
4.48000001907349	246	Atlantic white marlin	Tetrapturus albidus
4.47714281082153	367	Billfishes	Istiophoridae
4.46000003814697	112	Monkfishes	Lophius
4.46000003814697	82	Cape monk	Lophius vomerinus
4.44999980926514	192	Largehead hairtail	Trichiurus lepturus
4.44999980926514	115	Shallow-water Cape hake	Merluccius capensis
4.42999982833862	376	Atlantic bluefin tuna	Thunnus thynnus
4.40999984741211	148	Kingklip	Genypterus capensis
4.40333318710327	179	Barracudas	Sphyraena
4.40000009536743	258	Atlantic sailfish	Istiophorus albicans
4.40000009536743	227	Wahoo	Acanthocybium solandri
4.40000009536743	100	Little tunny	Euthynnus alletteratus
4.38500022888184	164	Amberjacks	Seriola
4.38000011444092	346	Atlantic blue marlin	Makaira nigricans
4.36999988555908	172	Common dolphinfish	Coryphaena hippurus
4.34999990463257	108	Skipjack tuna	Katsuwonus pelamis
4.34000015258789	231	Yellowfin tuna	Thunnus albacares
4.30999994277954	136	Albacore	Thunnus alalunga
4.30999994277954	164	Cobia	Rachycentron canadum
4.28000020980835	248	Longbill spearfish	Tetrapturus pfluegeri
4.28000020980835	482	Bluntnose sixgill shark	Hexanchus griseus
4.28000020980835	392	Shortfin mako	Isurus oxyrinchus
4.2662501335144	125	Hakes	Merluccius
4.2622218132019	150	Mackerels tunas and bonitos	Scombridae
4.26000022888184	82	West African Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus tritor
4.24176502227783	207	Requiem sharks	Carcharhinidae
4.23999977111816	289	Blue shark	Prionace glauca
4.2350001335144	60	Frigate tuna	Auxis
4.21000003814697	135	Tope shark	Galeorhinus galeus
4.21000003814697	62	Cape gurnard	Chelidonichthys capensis
4.20333337783813	140	Cusk eels	Genypterus
4.19999980926514	376	Tunas bonitos and billfishes	Scombroids
4.19999980926514	90	Atlantic bonito	Sarda sarda
4.15000009536743	150	Cutlassfishes	Trichiuridae
4.13424253463745	32	Squids	Teuthida
4.09999990463257	78	European squid	Loligo vulgaris
4.07999992370605	82	Atlantic pomfret	Brama brama
4.07999992370605	246	Oilfish	Ruvettus pretiosus
4.07882404327393	525	Ground sharks	Carcharhiniformes
4.07000017166138	164	Yellowtail amberjack	Seriola lalandi
4.05230808258057	164	Jacks and pompanos	Carangidae
4.05000019073486	729	Sharks and rays	Elasmobranchii
4.03000020980835	49	Mud sole	Austroglossus pectoralis
4.01999998092651	98	White grouper	Epinephelus aeneus
4.01749992370605	98	Snappers	Lutjanidae
4	300	Sharks rays and skates etc	Sharks or rays and chimaeras
4	150	Various sharks	Sharks rays and chimaeras
3.99000000953674	180	Conger eels	Muraenesox
3.98279094696045	190	Sea basses or groupers and fairy basslets	Serranidae
3.98000001907349	57	Orange roughy	Hoplostethus atlanticus
3.97000002861023	60	Alfonsinos	Beryx
3.96499991416931	100	Seabreams (Dentex spp)	Dentex
3.91666698455811	43	Scorpionfishes or rockfishes	Scorpaenidae
3.91417288780212	80	Cods	Gadiformes
3.91000008583069	50	Blue butterfish	Stromateus fiatola
3.89000010490417	107	Geelbeck croaker	Atractoscion aequidens
3.86999988555908	228	Southern bluefin tuna	Thunnus maccoyii
3.84999990463257	172	Silver scabbardfish	Lepidopus caudatus
3.84999990463257	90	Dusky grouper	Epinephelus marginatus
3.84349989891052	190	Groupers	Epinephelus
3.82999992370605	172	Wreckfish	Polyprion americanus
3.8199999332428	170	Southern meagre	Argyrosomus hololepidotus
3.80999994277954	39	Blackbelly rosefish	Helicolenus dactylopterus
3.80988097190857	27	Cephalopods	Cephalopoda
3.78999996185303	100	Croakers	Pseudotolithus
3.76205897331238	200	Drums or croakers	Sciaenidae
3.75500011444092	62	Southern soles	Austroglossus
3.74000000953674	200	Snoek	Thyrsites atun
3.73000001907349	70	Derbio	Trachinotus ovatus
3.72562503814697	111	Smooth-hounds	Mustelus
3.71000003814697	273	Ocean sunfish	Mola mola
3.6949999332428	66	Jack and horse mackerels	Trachurus
3.69000005722046	40	Oreos	Oreosomatidae
3.6800000667572	33	Panga seabream	Pterogymnus laniarius
3.67000007629395	99	Cusk-eels	Ophidiidae
3.67000007629395	85	Bonefish	Albula vulpes
3.65000009536743	115	Medusafishes	Centrolophidae
3.6324999332428	37	Scads	Decapterus
3.61500000953674	29	Greeneyes	Chlorophthalmidae
3.61374998092651	205	Skates and rays	Rajiformes
3.60999989509583	33	Redbait	Emmelichthys nitidus nitidus
3.59999990463257	28	Cuttlefishes	Sepiidae
3.59999990463257	42	Red pandora	Pagellus bellottii
3.59999990463257	49	False scad	Caranx rhonchus
3.58999991416931	81	Seabreams	Chrysoblephus
3.57999992370605	68	Octopuses	Octopoda
3.57999992370605	75	Blue antimora	Antimora rostrata
3.57500004768372	25	Picarels	Spicara
3.57450008392334	25	Flyingfishes	Exocoetidae
3.57180309295654	50	Flatfishes	Pleuronectiformes
3.54749989509583	100	Seabreams (Pagrus spp)	Pagrus
3.53143930435181	56	Perch-likes	Perciformes
3.51999998092651	29	Angola dentex	Dentex angolensis
3.51166701316834	35	Threadfin breams and Whiptail breams	Nemipteridae
3.5	102	Crevalle jack	Caranx hippos
3.5	56	Pelagic armorhead	Pseudopentaceros richardsoni
3.48000001907349	62	West coast sole	Austroglossus microlepis
3.47857093811035	62	Sea catfishes	Ariidae
3.47000002861023	23	Armored searobins or armored gurnards	Peristediidae
3.47000002861023	45	White baggar	Galeichthys feliceps
3.47000002861023	16	Longspine snipefish	Macroramphosus scolopax
3.47000002861023	56	Cape horse mackerel	Trachurus capensis
3.45000004768372	61	Cape elephantfish	Callorhinchus capensis
3.40000009536743	20	Whiteheads round herring	Etrumeus whiteheadi
3.38000011444092	45	Striped seabream	Lithognathus mormyrus
3.36999988555908	52	Canary drum	Umbrina canariensis
3.35863590240479	80	Grunts	Haemulidae
3.33999991416931	60	Black seabream	Spondyliosoma cantharus
3.3199999332428	60	Bulls-eye	Epigonus telescopus
3.30999994277954	4	Deepwater rose shrimp	Parapenaeus longirostris
3.30864906311035	164	Porgies	Sparidae
3.29999995231628	33	Cunene horse mackerel	Trachurus trecae
3.28999996185303	30	Tonguefishes	Cynoglossidae
3.25250005722046	53	Triggerfishes	Balistidae
3.25142908096313	21	Anchovies	Engraulidae
3.24000000953674	25	Herrings	Clupeiformes
3.24000000953674	55	West African goatfish	Pseudupeneus prayensis
3.21000003814697	53	Atlantic bumper	Chloroscombrus chrysurus
3.21000003814697	25	Round sardinella	Sardinella aurita
3.20333337783813	100	Steenbras	Lithognathus
3.17000007629395	7	Hectors lanternfish	Lampanyctodes hectoris
3.1589469909668	28	Herrings and shads and sardines and menhadens	Clupeidae
3.10500001907349	15	Gobies	Gobiidae
3.08999991416931	52	Chub mackerel	Scomber japonicus
3.04999995231628	74	Carpenter seabream	Argyrozona argyrozona
3.02999997138977	40	Longfin bonefish	Pterothrissus belloci
3.02999997138977	25	Bigeye grunt	Brachydeuterus auritus
3	25	Crustaceans	Crustacea
3	30	Bogue	Boops boops
2.97199988365173	49	Seabreams and porgies	Diplodus
2.96000003814697	19	Cape anchovy	Engraulis capensis
2.92000007629395	164	White steenbras	Lithognathus lithognathus
2.86999988555908	53	White stumpnose	Rhabdosargus globiceps
2.76699995994568	21	Sardinella	Sardinella
2.70000004768372	50	Spiny lobsters	Palinurus
2.70000004768372	34	Penaeus shrimps	Penaeus
2.70000004768372	13	Caramote prawn	Melicertus kerathurus
2.65000009536743	13	Natantian decapods	Shrimps and prawns
2.59999990463257	44	Lobsters and spiny-rock lobsters	Homaridae and Palinuridae
2.59999990463257	30	Marine crabs	Brachyura
2.59999990463257	18	Deepsea crabs	Geryon
2.59999990463257	40	Tropical spiny lobsters	Panulirus
2.59999990463257	46	Cape rock lobster	Jasus lalandii
2.59999990463257	10	Southern spiny lobster	Palinurus gilchristi
2.52500009536743	120	Mullets	Mugilidae
2.4300000667572	30	South American pilchard	Sardinops sagax
2.20000004768372	3	Euphausia	Euphausia
2.00999999046326	42	Salema	Sarpa salpa
2	25	Cupped oysters	Crassostrea
2	4	Donax clams	Donax

FiB index inputs
Reference year: Transfer efficiency:

Method