Marine Trophic Index in LME: South Brazil Shelf

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Year	Mean trophic level	Mean max. length (cm)	FiB Index	Expansion factor
1950	2.91	62.5	0	1
1951	2.94	63.8	0.19	1.21
1952	2.96	61.3	0.37	1.45
1953	2.92	62.9	0.11	1.12
1954	2.98	63.3	0.34	1.4
1955	2.99	59.9	0.55	1.73
1956	2.98	61.4	0.67	1.95
1957	2.98	61	0.82	2.27
1958	2.97	60.6	0.76	2.14
1959	3.02	65	0.93	2.53
1960	3.04	70.2	0.99	2.69
1961	3.08	67.7	1.27	3.56
1962	3.17	71.2	1.95	7.03
1963	3.21	70.1	1.89	6.62
1964	3.25	74.1	1.98	7.24
1965	3.16	70.6	1.84	6.3
1966	3.31	70.6	2.33	10.28
1967	3.84	74.2	4.65	104.58
1968	3.47	68.4	2.97	19.49
1969	3.16	65.3	1.73	5.64
1970	3.01	76	1.83	6.23
1971	3.14	63.4	2.07	7.92
1972	3.12	63.8	2.15	8.58
1973	3.15	67.8	2.3	9.97
1974	3.05	66.4	1.71	5.53
1975	3.09	65.9	1.86	6.42
1976	3.29	73.4	2.57	13.07
1977	3.24	68.7	2.51	12.3
1978	3.22	67.2	2.5	12.18
1979	3.15	59.7	2.39	10.91
1980	3.15	64	2.1	8.17
1981	3.23	64.9	2.36	10.59
1982	3.17	68	2.32	10.18
1983	3.2	66.9	2.37	10.7
1984	3.15	62.3	2.54	12.68
1985	3.18	60	2.66	14.3
1986	3.17	59.2	2.51	12.3
1987	3.21	59.6	2.41	11.13
1988	3.2	59.7	2.25	9.49
1989	3.21	59.9	2.31	10.07
1990	3.18	59.4	2.21	9.12
1991	3.22	61.3	2.3	9.97
1992	3.27	62.7	2.47	11.82
1993	3.29	64.9	2.44	11.47
1994	3.17	62.3	1.98	7.24
1995	3.21	62.6	2.31	10.07
1996	3.26	63	2.19	8.94
1997	3.25	66.1	2.17	8.76
1998	3.24	65.6	2.15	8.58
1999	3.28	71.2	2.22	9.21
2000	3.26	70	2.37	10.7
2001	3.27	63.8	2.57	13.07
2002	3.3	61.8	2.71	15.03
2003	3.27	65.9	2.53	12.55
2004	3.24	64.4	2.46	11.7
2005	3.27	69.3	2.51	12.3
2006	3.23	62	2.45	11.59

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TL	SLMax(cm)	Common Name	Scientific Name
4.5	151	King mackerel	Scomberomorus cavalla
4.5	219	Bigeye tuna	Thunnus obesus
4.5	98	Bluefish	Pomatomus saltatrix
4.5	262	Sand tiger shark	Carcharias taurus
4.5	49	Blackfin goosefish	Lophius gastrophysus
4.5	205	Tarpon	Megalops atlanticus
4.48999977111816	449	Swordfish	Xiphias gladius
4.48000001907349	246	Atlantic white marlin	Tetrapturus albidus
4.47714281082153	367	Billfishes	Istiophoridae
4.44999980926514	192	Largehead hairtail	Trichiurus lepturus
4.42999982833862	376	Atlantic bluefin tuna	Thunnus thynnus
4.40000009536743	258	Atlantic sailfish	Istiophorus albicans
4.40000009536743	227	Wahoo	Acanthocybium solandri
4.40000009536743	100	Little tunny	Euthynnus alletteratus
4.38500022888184	164	Amberjacks	Seriola
4.38000011444092	346	Atlantic blue marlin	Makaira nigricans
4.36999988555908	172	Common dolphinfish	Coryphaena hippurus
4.35166692733765	123	Cat groupers	Mycteroperca
4.34999990463257	108	Skipjack tuna	Katsuwonus pelamis
4.34000015258789	231	Yellowfin tuna	Thunnus albacares
4.34000015258789	131	Pink cusk-eel	Genypterus blacodes
4.34000015258789	200	Escolar	Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
4.30999994277954	136	Albacore	Thunnus alalunga
4.30999994277954	164	Cobia	Rachycentron canadum
4.28000020980835	392	Shortfin mako	Isurus oxyrinchus
4.2622218132019	150	Mackerels tunas and bonitos	Scombridae
4.24176502227783	207	Requiem sharks	Carcharhinidae
4.23999977111816	519	Sawfishes	Pristidae
4.23999977111816	289	Blue shark	Prionace glauca
4.2350001335144	60	Frigate tuna	Auxis
4.23199987411499	90	Dogfish sharks	Squalidae
4.21999979019165	200	Opah	Lampris guttatus
4.21000003814697	277	Porbeagle	Lamna nasus
4.21000003814697	400	Bigeye thresher	Alopias superciliosus
4.21000003814697	623	Thintail thresher	Alopias vulpinus
4.21000003814697	135	Tope shark	Galeorhinus galeus
4.20888900756836	90	Weakfishes	Cynoscion
4.19999980926514	90	Atlantic bonito	Sarda sarda
4.19999980926514	238	Silky shark	Carcharhinus falciformis
4.18599987030029	421	Hammerhead and bonnethead and scoophead shark	Sphyrnidae
4.15999984741211	325	Oceanic whitetip shark	Carcharhinus longimanus
4.1399998664856	80	American flounders	Paralichthys
4.13424253463745	32	Squids	Teuthida
4.13000011444092	93	Blackfin tuna	Thunnus atlanticus
4.1100001335144	150	Argentine angelshark	Squatina argentina
4.07999992370605	78	Argentine hake	Merluccius hubbsi
4.07999992370605	740	Tiger shark	Galeocerdo cuvier
4.07999992370605	294	Scalloped hammerhead	Sphyrna lewini
4.07000017166138	164	Yellowtail amberjack	Seriola lalandi
4.05230808258057	164	Jacks and pompanos	Carangidae
4.01749992370605	98	Snappers	Lutjanidae
4.01000022888184	49	Sea bass	Acanthistius brasilianus
4.01000022888184	37	King weakfish	Macrodon ancylodon
4	300	Sharks rays and skates etc	Sharks or rays and chimaeras
3.99000000953674	25	Common squids	Loligo
3.99000000953674	33	Rough scad	Trachurus lathami
3.98000001907349	82	Argentine conger	Conger orbignianus
3.96666693687439	25	Sea robins	Prionotus
3.92333340644836	115	Snooks	Centropomus
3.91417288780212	80	Cods	Gadiformes
3.90000009536743	49	South American striped weakfish	Cynoscion striatus
3.89000010490417	143	Eels and morays	Anguilliformes
3.89000010490417	139	Black drum	Pogonias cromis
3.88000011444092	82	Argentinian sandperch	Pseudopercis semifasciata
3.86999988555908	228	Southern bluefin tuna	Thunnus maccoyii
3.86666703224182	72	Codlings	Moridae
3.84349989891052	190	Groupers	Epinephelus
3.8199999332428	49	Lane snapper	Lutjanus synagris
3.80999994277954	39	Blackbelly rosefish	Helicolenus dactylopterus
3.80666708946228	33	Bigeyes	Priacanthus
3.79999995231628	23	Argentine shortfin squid	Illex argentinus
3.78999996185303	33	Brazilian codling	Urophycis brasiliensis
3.78333306312561	28	Harvestfishes	Peprilus
3.76205897331238	200	Drums or croakers	Sciaenidae
3.72000002861023	49	Atlantic moonfish	Selene setapinnis
3.70000004768372	12	Dana's swimming crab	Callinectes danae
3.68666696548462	102	Pompanos	Trachinotus
3.67000007629395	99	Cusk-eels	Ophidiidae
3.67000007629395	102	Red grouper	Epinephelus morio
3.66666698455811	41	Kingcroakers	Menticirrhus
3.65000009536743	115	Medusafishes	Centrolophidae
3.65000009536743	75	Common seabream	Pagrus pagrus
3.61374998092651	205	Skates and rays	Rajiformes
3.60999989509583	82	Chola guitarfish	Rhinobatos percellens
3.58999991416931	59	Narrownose smooth-hound	Mustelus schmitti
3.58333325386047	82	Grenadiers	Macrourus
3.57999992370605	68	Octopuses	Octopoda
3.57999992370605	75	Blue antimora	Antimora rostrata
3.57450008392334	25	Flyingfishes	Exocoetidae
3.57180309295654	50	Flatfishes	Pleuronectiformes
3.53143930435181	56	Perch-likes	Perciformes
3.49874997138977	43	Puffers	Tetraodontidae
3.48000001907349	44	Brazilian flathead	Percophis brasiliensis
3.47857093811035	62	Sea catfishes	Ariidae
3.45749998092651	55	Goatfishes	Mullidae
3.40000009536743	46	Parona leatherjacket	Parona signata
3.36666703224182	15	Herring	Harengula
3.36500000953674	80	Chimaeras	Chimaeriformes
3.35863590240479	80	Grunts	Haemulidae
3.35500001907349	200	Eagle and manta rays	Myliobatidae
3.30999994277954	120	Serra Spanish mackerel	Scomberomorus brasiliensis
3.30864906311035	164	Porgies	Sparidae
3.28500008583069	26	Antarctic rockcods	Trematomus
3.25250005722046	53	Triggerfishes	Balistidae
3.25142908096313	21	Anchovies	Engraulidae
3.24000000953674	25	Herrings	Clupeiformes
3.23000001907349	31	Atlantic thread herring	Opisthonema oglinum
3.20250010490417	12	Silversides	Atherinidae
3.20000004768372	45	Caribbean spiny lobster	Panulirus argus
3.1800000667572	40	White morwong	Nemadactylus bergi
3.16000008583069	30	Argentine croaker	Umbrina canosai
3.13000011444092	25	South American silver porgy	Diplodus argenteus argenteus
3.09999990463257	8	Squat lobsters	Galatheidae
3.08999991416931	52	Chub mackerel	Scomber japonicus
3.04999995231628	28	Barred grunt	Conodon nobilis
3	25	Crustaceans	Crustacea
2.91000008583069	25	Brazilian sardinella	Sardinella janeiro
2.75	26	Brazilian menhaden	Brevoortia aurea
2.70000004768372	34	Penaeus shrimps	Penaeus
2.70000004768372	15	Argentine stiletto shrimp	Artemesia longinaris
2.70000004768372	14	Atlantic seabob	Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
2.70000004768372	24	Redspotted shrimp	Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
2.6800000667572	30	Argentine menhaden	Brevoortia pectinata
2.65000009536743	13	Natantian decapods	Shrimps and prawns
2.63000011444092	49	Whitemouth croaker	Micropogonias furnieri
2.59999990463257	30	Marine crabs	Brachyura
2.59999990463257	40	Tropical spiny lobsters	Panulirus
2.59999990463257	17	Red deepsea crab	Chaceon quinquedens
2.52500009536743	120	Mullets	Mugilidae
2.48000001907349	17	Argentine anchoita	Engraulis anchoita
2.26999998092651	15	Clams cockles and arkshells	Clams or cockles and arkshells
2.20000004768372	19	Argentine red shrimp	Pleoticus muelleri
2.00368404388428	41	Parrotfishes	Scaridae
2	10	Sea mussels	Mytilidae
2	25	Cupped oysters	Crassostrea
2	4	Donax clams	Donax
2	6	Cholga mussel	Aulacomya ater
2	3	Angulate volute	Zidona dufresnei
2	25	Helmet ton	Tonna galea
2	10	Rostrate pitar	Pitar rostratus

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